HIV Full Form In Biology English
The full form of HIV is Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting the body’s CD4+ T cells, which are essential for fighting infections. HIV belongs to the family of retroviruses and is responsible for causing AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a condition where the immune system becomes severely weakened, leaving the body vulnerable to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. HIV is an enveloped virus containing two strands of RNA and key enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, which allows it to convert its RNA into DNA inside the host cells. This viral DNA then integrates into the human genome, making the infection lifelong. The virus mainly spreads through contact with infected bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. Common modes of transmission include unprotected sexual contact, sharing contaminated needles, mother-to-child transmission during childbirth or breastfeeding, and transfusion of infected blood.
The infection progresses in three stages: the acute phase, characterized by flu-like symptoms; the clinical latency phase, where the virus replicates at lower levels; and the final stage—AIDS—marked by a significant drop in CD4+ cells and increased susceptibility to infections. Diagnosis involves antibody and antigen tests, while treatment relies on antiretroviral therapy (ART), a combination of drugs that suppress the virus, improve immune function, and prevent transmission. Although there is no cure yet, ART allows people living with HIV to lead long and healthy lives. Prevention methods include safe sex practices, regular testing, use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and education to reduce stigma. Continued research is focused on vaccines and potential cures to ultimately control and end the HIV epidemic worldwide.
HIV Full Form In Biology Hindi
HIV का फुल फॉर्म है Human Immunodeficiency Virus जिसका हिंदी में अर्थ होता है मानव प्रतिरक्षा दोष वायरस। यह एक प्रकार का वायरस है जो मानव शरीर की प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली पर हमला करता है, खासकर CD4+ T कोशिकाओं पर, जो हमारे शरीर की रोगों से लड़ने वाली मुख्य कोशिकाएं होती हैं। HIV संक्रमण के कारण शरीर की प्रतिरक्षा शक्ति कमजोर हो जाती है और व्यक्ति विभिन्न संक्रमणों और रोगों के प्रति असहाय हो जाता है। HIV के संक्रमण के बाद यदि समय पर उपचार न किया जाए तो यह बीमारी AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) में बदल जाती है।HIV एक रेट्रोवायरस है, जिसका मतलब है कि इसका आनुवंशिक पदार्थ RNA होता है, जिसे यह अपने मेजबान कोशिका के अंदर जाकर DNA में बदल देता है। इसके बाद यह वायरस मेजबान के जीन में शामिल हो जाता है और लंबे समय तक शरीर में रह सकता है। HIV मुख्य रूप से संक्रमित शरीर के तरल पदार्थ जैसे खून, वीर्य, योनि स्राव, और मां के दूध के जरिए फैलता है। असुरक्षित यौन संपर्क, संक्रमित सुइयों का इस्तेमाल, और मां से बच्चे में संक्रमण इसके प्रमुख कारण हैं।
HIV संक्रमण के तीन चरण होते हैं – प्रारंभिक चरण जिसमें फ्लू जैसे लक्षण होते हैं, एक लम्बा निस्तेज या छुपा हुआ चरण, और अंत में AIDS, जिसमें प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली बहुत कमजोर हो जाती है।HIV का निदान खून की जांच से होता है, जिसमें वायरस के खिलाफ शरीर द्वारा बनाए गए एंटीबॉडीज या वायरस के एंटीजन की जांच की जाती है। आजकल एंटीरेट्रोवायरल थेरेपी (ART) के जरिये HIV को नियंत्रित किया जा सकता है, जिससे संक्रमित व्यक्ति स्वस्थ जीवन जी सकता है।
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Frequently Asked Questions
What does HIV stand for?
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
How does HIV affect the body?
HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which weakens the body’s ability to fight infections and diseases.
How is HIV transmitted?
HIV is transmitted through contact with infected bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, rectal fluids, and breast milk. Common ways include unprotected sex, sharing needles, mother-to-child transmission, and blood transfusions.
Can HIV be cured?
Currently, there is no cure for HIV. However, antiretroviral therapy (ART) can control the virus, allowing people to live long and healthy lives.
What are the symptoms of HIV infection?
Early symptoms can include flu-like signs such as fever, fatigue, rash, and sore throat. In later stages, symptoms include weight loss, persistent infections, and opportunistic diseases.
How can HIV be prevented?
Prevention methods include using condoms during sex, avoiding sharing needles, regular testing, and taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) if at high risk.
Can HIV be transmitted through casual contact?
No, HIV cannot be transmitted through casual contact like hugging, shaking hands, or sharing utensils.
Conclusion
HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is a serious viral infection that targets and weakens the immune system by destroying critical immune cells. Without treatment, HIV can progress to AIDS, a life-threatening condition characterized by severe immune deficiency and opportunistic infections. Although there is currently no cure for HIV, advances in medical science have made antiretroviral therapy (ART) highly effective in controlling the virus, allowing people living with HIV to lead long and healthy lives. Prevention through safe practices, regular testing, and education remains vital to controlling the spread of HIV. Ongoing research continues to strive for better treatments, vaccines, and ultimately a cure to end the global HIV epidemic.
